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NoHo, for North of Houston Street (as contrasted with ''SoHo'', South of Houston) is a landmarked, primarily residential upper-class neighborhood in the New York City borough of Manhattan. It is bounded by Broadway to the west and the Bowery to the east, and from East 9th Street in the north to East Houston Street in the south. The Landmarks Preservation Commission has declared most of it a 125-building historic district. divided into the NoHo Historic District and the NoHo East Historic District, created in 2003. ==History== In 1748, Jacob Sperry, a physician from Switzerland, created the city's first botanical garden near the current intersection of Lafayette Street and Astor Place. At the time, it was located about north of the developed portion of the city and served as a vacation stop for people from present-day downtown.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=NOHO HISTORY )〕 By 1804, John Jacob Astor bought the site from Sperry and leased it to Joseph Delacroix.〔〔 Delacroix built a country resort named Vauxhall Gardens on the site; the gardens had previously been located further downtown, in Tribeca.〔〔 NoHo soon became an enclave for well-to-do families. Because of rapid development on Bond, Bleecker, and Great Jones Streets, it was not affordable to built houses on these streets. These streets were among the city's most elite at the time, and contained such personalities as "aristocratic" mayor Philip Hone. Therefore, in 1826, after Delacroix's lease expired. Astor carved out an upper-class neighborhood from the site with Lafayette Street bisecting eastern gardens from western homes. The street was christened by the Marquis de Lafayette in July 1825.〔 Wealthy New Yorkers, including Astor and other members of the family, built mansions along this central thoroughfare. Astor built the Astor Library in the eastern portion of the neighborhood as a donation to the city. Alexander Jackson Davis designed eye-catching row houses called LaGrange Terrace (now Colonnade Row) for speculative builder Seth Geer. Geer built the houses for the development in 1833. The area became a fashionable, upper-class residential district, and when Lafayette Street was opened in the 1820s, it quickly became one of the most fashionable streets in New York.〔Henderson, Mary C. (2004). ''The City and the Theatre: The History of New York Playhouses, a 250-year Journey from Bowling Green to Times Square''. New York City: Back Stage Books. ISBN 0-8230-0637-9.〕 This location made the Gardens accessible to the residents of nearby Broadway and the Bowery.〔Caldwell, Mark (2005). ''New York Night: The Mystique and Its History''. New York City: Scribner. ISBN 0-7432-7478-4.〕 The houses once contained such notable residents as the Astor family and the Vanderbilt family, in addition to authors Washington Irving, Charles Dickens, and William Makepeace Thackeray; U.S. President John Tyler was married in these houses.〔 In the summer of 1838, the garden's owners opened a saloon for the staging of vaudeville comic operas. Later theatre managers expanded the offerings to appeal to a wider range of patrons.〔 By 1850, the rowdier crowds of the Bowery had mostly scared off the upper classes, and fewer people came to the Vauxhall Gardens.〔〔 The theater buildings were demolished in 1855,〔 and the gardens closed for the last time in 1859.〔 Even so, wealthy New Yorkers lived here through the end of the 19th century. Editor and poet William Cullen Bryant and inventor and entrepreneur Isaac Singer lived in the neighborhood in the 1880s.By the 20th century, however, warehouses and manufacturing firms moved in, the elite moved to places such as Murray Hill, and the area fell into disrepair. By the 1880s, the neighborhood became mainly a manufacturing district, especially around the relatively wide Bond Street.〔 Terra cotta and brick "loft" buildings were among the new buildings being constructed in this time, and construction of such buildings continued into the 1890s,〔 in the Greek Revival architectural style〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=NOHO HISTORIC DISTRICT EXTENSION )〕 in homage to the mansions that formerly occupied the area.〔 The demolition of upper-class buildings continued, and by 1902, the southernmost five mansions on Colonnade Row were demolished for the Wanamaker's Department Store annex.〔 Most of the mansions on Bond Street, though, lasted through the 1930s.〔Gray, Christopher. ("Streetscapes / Bond Street From Lafayette Street to the Bowery; A Block That Offers the Quintessence of NoHo" ), ''The New York Times'', January 17, 1999. Accessed August 18, 2015.〕 After World War II, manufacturing companies moved out of New York City and to the suburbs. By the 1950s, these spaces were rented to artists and small theatre companies. The artists had to go through extensive litigation to live and work in these spaces.〔 By 1960, there were more artist residents than businesses in these loft spaces.〔 Among the famous artist residents at the time were Robert Mapplethorpe, who bought a loft in NoHo;〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=How Edward Mapplethorpe Got His Name Back )〕 Chuck Close, who lived next to him;〔 and street artists Jean-Michel Basquiat and Andy Warhol.〔 The neighborhood was revitalized beginning in the late 1960s and 1970s.〔Elsroad, Linda. "Astor Place" in 〕 The art movement of the 1970s and the preservation movements of the 1990s and 2000s also helped to revitalize the area.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「NoHo, Manhattan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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